情景对话题复习策略【题型介绍】 在一篇对话中留出 5 个空白, 要求考生从所给的选项中选出最佳答案, 使补足后的对话意思通顺、前后连贯, 考生应在通读全篇对话的基础上, 考生应在通读全篇对话的基础上把握各部分之间的逻辑关系, 充分理解谈话内容及谈话双方的意图。 【题型研究】 补全对话题主要考查考生在连贯对话中对常用交际用语的正确使用以及交际情景的正确理解。此题要求考生在通读全篇对话的基础上, 把握各部分的逻辑联系, 充分理解对话内容以及谈话双方的意图。该题型考查的形式为在一篇对话中留出五个空白（注意：空白处一般不打标点, 以防考生根据标点符号猜出句子类型）, 要求考生从所给的选项（共七项, 有两项是多余的）中选出最佳答案填空, 使补足后的对话意思通顺、前后连贯、且符合英语交际习惯。这里要注意的是：对话后所提供的七个备选项使补足后的对话意思通顺、前后连贯、且符合英语交际, 从语法上看都是正确的, 不会有语法错误, 虽然其中有两项多余, 那只是因为它们不合交际情景（即与对话的上下文在含义上不吻合）。而不是因为它本身语法有错, 所以考生在做类题时, 一定要从对话所提供的交际情景上去下功夫, 一定要从对话所提供的交际情景上去下功夫而不能从选项本身去找语法错误。补全对话的设题主要有三类： 1. 日常交际用语及其应答 这类题主要考查学生对日常生活中经常运用的会话习语及其应答的掌握情况，如打电话、购物、看病、感谢、抱怨、谈论天气、问题、禁止、警告等。这种题有较为固定的语言模式。 2. 具体情景语境题 根据对话的具体情景语境提供的各种信息进行全面的分析、比较和逻辑推理，确定空缺语句。这种题的应答没有固定的语言模式，要视对话的具体情景语境确定空缺语句。 3. 综合设题 综合设题就是将日常会话用语与具体情景语境相结合。 【应试对策】一、通读全篇对话，弄清谈话的语境及内容。 A、B两人对话，大约共10个句子，其中空出5句。首先应跳过空行通读对话, 对对话的整体结构有所了解，把握对话的内容及语境。对语境的熟悉是十分重要的，熟悉语境的重点应放在明确具体事实，即把握对话的具体时间、地点、人物以及它们之间的相互关系。因为在不同的场合，语言的表达方式、谈话的态度、表达的内容就会有所不同。如在餐馆、图书馆、车站、商店等不同的地点，都有各自的语言表达方式。因而，在做题时，应在理解全篇对话内容的基础上，准确地把握语言环境，把自己"置身"于语境之中，理解双方谈话的意图。做这类题时, 千万不要看一句填一句, 一定要根据对话所提供的语境以及上下文的逻辑联系, 摸清谈话双方的意图, 并设法进入“角色”, 进行全面分析, 从而作出最佳选择。 二、前后照应，注意对话的"链条"。 假如我们把对话比作环环相扣的"链条"，那么由于空行的设置，链条就几乎环环脱节了。要想把已经脱节的"链条"连接起来，就得把握对话上下文的信息。对话的上下文的关系是相当密切的。做题时，可以根据上句的信息推断下句的信息，通过下句的信息推断上句的信息，即：要填前面的空行，看后句的信息，要填后面的空行，看前句的含义。如在打电话时，上句问"Who’s that speaking?"那么下句所选的就应是"This is… "。如在餐馆，下句的内容是"A bottle of beer, please."那么上句就应该是"What can I do for you?"或"Can I help you?"这样前后对照，逐句推敲，双管齐下，瞻前顾后，抓住对话的脉络，就能使对话不"断链"。 三、先易后难。做这类题时并不一定要完全按顺序进行，可以先易后难, 逐步缩小选择范围。同时每选一个答案注意要用笔将其作上记号, 以免干扰后面的选择。四、充分利用对话本身所提供的线索或信息词。若在备选项中既出现有表示某人或某物的名词, 又出现有代表同一人或物的代词, 那么一般说来, 用名词的选项应该出现在用代词选项的前面。另外, 对话上下文中出现的有关疑问词、助动词、情态动词、时态、语态等, 都要注意它们的照应关系, 尤其是它们在语气上的一致性以及它们用于该交际情景的可行性。五、英美国家风俗习惯应当注意英语国家的风俗习惯以及一些常用交际用语的习惯表达和应答方式等。这里值得一提的是：补全对话虽然是一种典型的交际性试题, 但它并不完全局限于考查一些常见交际用语使用与应答方式, 而往往还会考查考生对交际情景正确理解, 强调交际双方的信息交流。六、重读对话，验证答案。 选项选好后，应将所选的选项带入对话的空行处去验证，凭语感和交际语言习惯进行验证。全篇对话是否贯通流畅，内容是否清晰，前后意思是否矛盾，所选的选项是否符合对话的语言环境，是否符合上下文的逻辑关系等等。 总之，在做补全对话题时，考生应在通读全篇对话的基础上，把握各部分之间的逻辑关系，充分理解谈话内容及谈话人双方的意图，使补全后的对话思想通顺，前后连贯，且符合英美人的语言表达方式，这样才算把补全对话题做得完美无缺了。 【典型题分析】 根据对话内容, 从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。选项中有两项为多余选项： (1) —Hello. Gerry speaking. —Hello, Gerry. It’s me John here. ___1___. —Well, I’m terribly sorry, but I’m not feeling very well. —Is that all? ___2___ —No, I’m sorry. I was sick all night. I think it must be the fish I ate last night. —Well, I think you should have at least phoned Kate and told her you weren’t coming to the meeting. —___3___ I’m sorry about that. Anyway, I think I’ll be able to get in to work tomorrow. —___4___ —I won’t.. Thanks for calling. —___5___. A. Why didn’t you phone? B. OK. Take care and don’t eat any more fish. C. Why weren’t you here at the meeting? D. That’s all right. E. We thought you might have had an accident or forgotten the day or something. F. I’ll be glad to see you again. G. Yes, I suppose I should have done so. 这篇对话的主要意思讲的是：Gerry 因病未能去开会, 朋友或同事 John 打电话询问情况。 1. 选 C。这可从两个方面去分析：一是从下句带有说明“原因性”的回答（Well, I’m terribly sorry, but I’m not feeling very well). 可推知此题应选 A 或 C, 另一方面 John 在下文又讲到 I think you should have at least phoned Kate and told her you weren’t coming to the meeting. 从这里我们 可知：John 主要关心的是 Gerry 主要关心的是为什么不来开会, 而不是要他打电话, 故选C。 2. 选 E。从上下文可知 John 对 Gerry 未能来开会有些埋怨, 甚至对他的“病” 有些怀疑, 所以 John 问了这样一句话 Is that all?(就这些吗 Is that all?), 从语境上看, 只能选 E。另一方面, 下文的回答 No, ...也是一个重要的信息词, 聪明的考生 也许会感觉到在对话后的七个选项中只有 E 才能用 No 去回答。 3. 选 G。这比较显然, 因为从上文的 I think you should have at least ...可 以比较直接地选出 G(...I should have done so)。另外 G 中的 so 也是一个 十分重要的信息词。 4. 选 B。从上下文看, 对话至此已近结束, 从常识方面考虑, 此时应说些告别性的 话, 作为Gerry是因为吃了鱼才感到不舒服的, 所以这时 John 用 B 来结束对话 就很自然了。另外一个重要的线索是下一句的 I won’t, 有经验的考生看出：在所提供的选项中只有...don’t eat any more fish. 这样的祈使句用 I won’t. 来回答才是合适的, 否则只能是答非所问。 5. 选D。本小题主要考查常见交际用语的应答, 回答“感谢”, 一般用, That’s all right. / You are all right. / Please don’t mention it. / It’s my pleasure. 等等。 （2） A：What are you going to do this evening ？ B：Well，I have no idea． 1 A：I'm going to see a film ． B：Good idea！ 2 A：Certainly．You're welcome． B： 3 A：Let's make it half past seven．OK？ B：No problem！ 4 A：In front of the cinema gate． B：OK．See you then． A： 5 A．Where shall we meet then ？ B．See you． C．Can I come，too？ D．What did you think？ E．What time shall we meet？ F．What about you？ G．That's all right． Keys： FCEAB ［练习2］该组对话属日常会话习语及其应答题。解这类题难度不大，只要记住固定的句式即可。 首先，通读整篇对话，了解对话大意为：A今晚想看电影，B想一起去，他们约好了见面的时间、地点。结合所给选项，边读边做：1题表征求对方意见；2题表请求；3题、4题表预约时间与地点；5题是道别的应答语。对话完成后再读，该对话语法正确，语义通顺，合乎表达习惯。 （3） （Alice advises（劝告）Bill to read English every day and agrees to help him ．．．） A：Why don 't you look happy ？ B：Because I have a lot of trouble with my English．I can hardly pass the exam every time． 1 A：Don 't worry． 2 B：No，I only read English before the exam． A：Ah，that's it．If you want to study it well，you must practise it every day． 3 B：I'll take your advice and try to practise reading English every day． 4 A：All right．I'd like to．But in fact I still have some trouble with English，too． 5 A．Will you help me with it？ B．Let's help each other． C．I'll try my best to learn it well． D．How do you like English？ E．I really don 't know what to do． F．What are you going to do next？ G．Do you read English？ Keys：）EGFAB ［练习3］本组对话属综合设题，1题、4题为日常会话用语，其余3个小题属语境推断题。对话大意为：A通过询问，得知B不高兴的原因———英语考试不及格。B告诉A应注意怎样做才能通过考试。结合具体选项，1题由下文中的Don't worry．可选出选项E，不知自己该怎样做，表焦虑；2题由下文中的应答可知此题应选一般疑问句。由I only read English．．．可得出答案；3题通过下文的应答，应选一特殊疑问句，问对方今后应如何做；4题由下文All right．I'd like to．可得出答案A，表请求；5题由前句But in fact I still have some trouble with English ，too．可得答案：Let's help each other． (4) - Mary, do you want to see the pictures of my holiday in Italy? - 1 - Ah, it was great I The food was great \ The wine was great! But the traffic was terrible! - 2 - Those Italians are crazy drivers! I don' t want to think about it! - OK, OK. 3 - Yes, so here' s a picture of the Tower of Pisa. - How nice! - It was raining that day, but it was still wonderful. We climbed to the top! - 4 - That' s a photo of the Amo River. That' s the "Ponte Vecchio" , the old bridge. - 5 - It was very interesting. There were beautiful old buildings in the city, and lots of wonderful museums. - That’s nice. A. And what' s this? B. Why was it so bad? C. Yes, it was wonderful. D. What was Florence like? E. Let' s return to the good parts. F. Sure, what was your holiday like? G. Well, did you like your hotel there? 解析：作题注意事项： 1．语篇内容：某人向玛丽介绍他在意大利旅游的情况。 2．人物关系：可能是朋友之间，语气比较婉转。 3．语篇结构：不同照片的的介绍。答案解析： 1．F．解析：上句是问句，故答案只能在CF之间选择，根据上文意思，玛丽询问对方度假的情况。故此选F． 2．B 解析：根据上下句，可知在说交通差的原因，故此选B。 3．E 解析：根据上下句，可知要返回说愉快的事情，故此选E。 4．A 解析：根据下文的内容，可知是问某张照片是什么。故此选A。 5．D 解析：根据下文的答语，可知道此处是问“某地怎么样？”故此选D (5) Policeman：Now， Jimmy， did you get a good view（看清） of the accident？ Jimmy：Oh， yes. I was standing outside the bank building and I saw it quite clearly. Policeman：Do you know what time it was？ Jimmy：Yes.___1___ It was 2：45 exactly. Policeman：Good. ____2____ Jimmy：Well， quite slowly — about 10 miles an hour. It was coming up York Road. ____3____ But they were still red when he went over them. Policeman：I see. ____4____ was it also driving slowly？ Jimmy：It was coming along Union Street about 30 miles per hour. It was a blue Toyota. ____5____ Policeman：Did you see what colour his traffic（交通） light was？ Jimmy：Yes， it changed to yellow just before he crossed it. A. What about the car？ B. I checked my watch. C. Didn‘t you see the car？ D. Now，how fast was the truck moving？ E. Was the car going beyond the speed limit？ F. I suppose the truck driver knew the lights were going to change. G. The driver stopped his car when he saw the truck crossing the street. 「答案简析」 大意是讲：一个警察在处理一次交通事故时，向 Jimmy 了解有关情况。 1. 选 B.警察问Jimmy 是否知道事故发生的时间，Jimmy 不仅知道， 而且还准确 地说 It was 2：45 exactly.由此可见， 他是看了表的（……checked a watch）。 2. 选 D.此题从其答语 Well， quite slowly — about 10 miles an hour. 可显 然推知。 3. 选 F.此空可根据下文 But they were still red when he went over them 推 知（尤其是stillred 两词）。 4. 选 A.此交通事故涉及一辆卡车和一辆小汽车，细心的考生会发现，上文讲的是卡车的情况，而下文讲的小汽车的情况， 所以此处应填一个转换话题的句子，因此选 A 最适合。 5. 选 G.现在还剩下三个选项 C，E，G，而 C，E 是两个问句， 从含义上看， 只可能 是警察提此问题， 不可能是 Jimmy 提此问题，所以只能选 G. (6) —Mary， we are going to have a party on New Year‘s Eve. I’m sure we‘ll have a good time. ____1____ —I‘d like to. ____2____ —In our classroom. We are going to decorate（装饰） it and turn it into a splendid ballroom. —____3____ I shall be very glad to spend my first New Year in China with you. —But we are going to ask everyone at the party to give a performance. ____4___ —I will. My voice is not very pleasant to the ear，though. —I heard you sing once. ____5____ I‘m sure you’ll be the star of our New Year party. —Oh，thank you. A. Your voice was sweet and beautiful. B. Where are you going to have it？ C. Would you like to join us？ D. Thank you for inviting me. E. Oh， it is great. F. Let‘s go to the ball together. G. Do sing us some English songs，please. 答案简析」 对话大意：“我们”邀请Mary 参加新年晚会。 1. 选 C.这从下句的答语 I‘d like to. 可知此空应是一个表示邀请的句子（另外 对话的中心及大意也可看出）。 2. 选 B.假若仅从上文来看， 此题似乎应选 D， 但这与下文表地点的答语 In the classroom. 显然对不上号。正因为下文这个答语 In the classroom. 告诉我们此空应是一个询问地点的疑问句（即B）。 3. 选 E.此题应联系上下文来考虑， 上文讲到要把教室装饰成 an splendid ball- room， 而下文又讲到 I shall be very glad to spend ……所以此空这个承上启下的担子显然应由 E 来承担。 4. 选 G.这从上文的……ask everyone at the party to give a performance. 以 及下文的 I will. My voice is not very pleasant to the ear，though. 可显然推出。 5. 选 A.这也要从上下文来看,上文讲到 I heard you sing once. 下文又说 I‘m sure you’ll be the star of our New Year party. 只要联系起来一看，答案就很显然了。 (7) —Excuse me， can you tell me where the nearest restaurant is？ —____1____ —Where is the nearest restaurant， please？ —Oh， the restaurant？ The nearest one is the City Restaurant. ___2___ —I‘m ——er—— I’m afraid I don‘t quite ……you see， ____3____ —I see. Simply walk two blocks straight ahead， then turn left， and the City Restaurant is about 10 metres ahead. ____4____ —Can I take a bus？ —Of course you can. but ____5____ It‘s only a few minutes’ walk. —Thank you very much. —Not at all. A. What did you say？ B. I‘m a total stranger here. C. You can‘t miss it. D. I beg your pardon？ E. It‘s just opposite the No. 5 Department Store. F. I don‘t think it is necessary. G. It‘s not very far. 「答案简析」对话大意：问路。 1. 选 D.这从此空上下两句的内容可以看出—即下句重复了上句的内容。注意：从含义上看似乎选 A 也行， 但从交际的得体性来看， 却不能选 A（为选它不礼 貌）。 2. 选 E.对话中一方要想找 the nearest restaurant， 另一方告诉他The nearest one is the City Restaurant. 接下来要说明的显然应是其具体位置， 故选 E. 3. 选 B.上文对方已将 the nearest restaurant 的具体位置说得清清楚楚， 而这 位问路人还是吞吞吐吐地说 I‘m ——er—— I’m afraid I don‘t quite ……这说 明他对此地很不熟悉， 故选 B. 4. 选 C.这是在为别人指路时的常用语， 其意有二：一是因为自己把对方要找的地 方已介绍得一清二楚， 估计对方不会找不到； 二是结束自己的“引路”。 5. 选 F.问路人问 Can I take a bus？ 对方先是肯定地回答说：Of course you can. 但接着他又用 but 来转折， 从逻辑上讲 but 后面的内容大概应该是“不 乘车”之类的意思， 再联系下文的 It‘s only a few minutes’ walk. 此空选 F 就很显然了。 (8) —Hello. Can I speak to Wu Ming please？ —____1____ —Hello， Wu Ming. This is Wang Hong. Sorry to ring you so late in the evening， but I‘ve only just got home. —____2____ What‘s the news？ —I‘d like to ask you about some stamps. Do you still have the cock year stamp？ You had it when I last saw you. —I‘m afraid I don’t have it. I sold it last week. —____3____ —I‘m sorry. I didn’t know you wanted it. ____4____ —Yes， please. Thank you. It‘s very kind of you. —____5____ —Thank you very much. —Bye-bye. A. Do you like collecting stamps so much？ B. That‘s all right. C. Sorry， Wu Ming is out. D. Do you want me to find one for you？ E. Oh， what a pity！ F. Yes， speaking. G. OK， I‘ll ring you if I have any news. 「答案简析」对话大意：Wang Dong 打电话给他的朋友 Wu Ming 询问是否有“鸡票”（cock year stamp）。 1. 选 F.这是一个省略句， 完整形式为 Yes， this is Wu Ming speaking. 假若仅 从上文来看， 选 C 也是可以的。但从下文的 Hello，Wu Ming. 来看， 对方接电 话的显然就是 Wu Ming， 所以只能选 F. 2. 选 B.此题主要考查对“道歉”的回答。 3. 选 E.从上文来看， Wang Hong 想要的“鸡票”， 他的朋友本来曾经有一张， 但 不巧却在上一个星期卖掉了， 所以此时他发出 Oh， what a pity！这样的感叹就 是顺理成章的事了。 4. 选 D / 5. 选 G.这其中一个重要线索就是这两空后面的答语均出现了Thank you. 这样的感谢性的话， 这说明这两空的内容必定是对对方有益或有所帮助， 而在备 选项中只有 D 和 G 两项合此意。到底是先选 D 还是先选 G 呢？从逻辑上看应 该是先选 D 后选 G，因为一般来， 应该是先问对方是否需要去找， 待对方回答 后， 再去具体找并告诉对方等消息。另外， 第 4 题后面的 Yes， please 也多少 暗示上句应是一个一般疑问句。G 呢？从逻辑上看应 该是先选 D 后选 G， 因为一般来， 应该是先问对方是否需要去找， 待对方回答 后， 再去具体找并告诉对方等消息。另外，第 4 题后面的 Yes，please 也多少 暗示上句应是一个一般疑问句。 [专题训练] 根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填如空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (1) Li Hua, who is planning to travel with his parents, is now calling Hyatt Travel Agency in Xi’an. (A: Assistant B: Li Hua) A: Hello, this is Hyatt Travel Agency. May I help you? L: Yes. This is Li Hua. I’ll have a short holiday, and I’m thinking about traveling abroad with my parents. 1 A: Of course. May I ask how long your holiday will be? L: About a week. A: OK. 2 L: I`d love to go to Europe. A: 3 We have a special offer for European tours. L: Great! 4 A: Sure. For family tours, we have five European cities on the list, and we’ll see the Big Ben in London, the Eiffel Tower in Paris and other places of interest. L: 5 I’ll talk about this with my parents and call you Back. Thank you. A:You are welcome. A.What would you like to know? B.You are very lucky. C.What do you have in mind? D.Can you pive me some advice? E.That’s just what I am thinking of. F.Can I have some extra information? G.I hope you’ll have a good journey there. Keys: 1-5 D C B F E (2) ―Can I help you? －Yes, I’m looking for a sweater. － 1 －I’m an extra large. － 2 －Yes, that’s nice. 3 －Certainly, there is a changing room over there. －Thank you. － 4 ―It’s too large. Do you have a large? ― 5 ―Thank you. I’ll have it, please. A. How does it fit? B. How about this one? C. Can I try it on? D. Yes, let me have a look. E. What size are you? F. How would you like to pay? G. Yes, here you are. Keys: 1-5 E B C A G (3) ― Well, Bob, what a surprise! It's nice to see you again! ― Hello, Ann! 1 Wasn't it a year ago Christmas, the last time we saw you? ― You know, I think you're right．How are your wife and the children? ― Oh, they're fine．Billy fell down and broke his leg a few months ago． 2 ― Wasn't Joey learning to play the violin? Seems to me I remember something about that． ― 3 He's all excited about sports now． ― And you wife, what is she doing these days? ― She's going to a night school on Mondays and Thursdays．She's studying French now．But last year she studied typing and sewing． 4 Next it’ll probably be cooking． ― How nice for her! 5 But say hello to Mrs James for me, will you? ― Sure I will, and remember me to your husband．Goodbye． A. Oh, he's given that up． B. Oh, I'm sorry．I've got to rush． C. She's made great progress in that． D. How long has it been? E.I think she just enjoys going to school． F. Joey's getting on well with her． G. But other than that, there's been nothing special. Keys: 1-5 D G A E B (4) ― 1 --- Isn’t it terrible ? ―The rain… 2 ―I don’t like it at all .Do you ? ―Strange such a day in July . 3 ― 4 ―Yes ,I remember ,too. ― 5 ―Yes ,it was . A. When did it rain a lot in July ? B. Or was it in 1928 ? C. Rain in the morning ,then bits of sunshine ,and then rain ,rain ,all day long D. Bad day ,isn`t it ? E I remember exactly the same July day in 1936 . F. I hate the rain G.What a day it is ! Keys: 1-5 D F C E B (5) Alice’s mother is very ill. She wishes to take a few days off from school so she goes to her teacher, Mr Green. ―Excuse me, Mr Green. I’d like to take a few days off. ―____1_____ ―My mother’s ill. I have to take care of her. ―Oh dear! I’m sorry to hear that. ______2____ ―No, thank you. My mother has caught a bad cold. She has a high fever and coughs day and night. The doctor says my mother has to be in hospital for a few days. I’d like to be with her. ―I understand. _____3______ ―I hope to be back next Wednesday. ―That’s all right. ____4_____ ―Thank you , Mr Green. That’s very kind of you. I’ll write it immediately. ―_____5____I’ll certainly help you with them when you get back. A. Is there anything I can do to help? B. What’s the matter, Alice? C.I hope your mother gets well soon. D. How long will you be away? E. Where have you been ,Alice? F. But you must write a written request for leave to be away. G.. Don’t worry about your lessons. Keys: 1-5 D A B F G (6) ---I think I was very lucky to get the job . 1 ---But it won’t be a little village forever . 2 There will be a lot more people here in about five years` time . ---Yes, but there won’t lie any factories ,just two or three office buildings ,and they will lie far behind that woodland over there . ---Very nice . 3 It was so quiet ! ---I didn’t sleep too well .I couldn’t get used to be silence. 4 ---Well , 5 A. Never sleep better B. This is a developing area C. The only noise I heard last night was some birds at about two o`clok in the morning D. Now we are able to live in a little village . E. The silence was wonderful for me F. Was it noisy ? G.. What is happening to the village ? Keys: 1-5 D B A C E
